<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.3/JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">55</journal-id>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="short-title">gsr</journal-id>
  <journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.31703/gesr</journal-id>
  <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title>Global Sociological Review</journal-title>
    <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">gsr</abbrev-journal-title>
  </journal-title-group>
  <issn publication-format="print">2708-2091</issn>
  <issn publication-format="electronic">2708-3586</issn>
  <self-uri xlink:href="https://gsrjournal.com"/>
  <publisher>
    <publisher-name>Humanity Publications</publisher-name>
    <publisher-loc>Pakistan</publisher-loc>
  </publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
  <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">394628</article-id>
  <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31703/gesr.2023(VIII-II).28</article-id>
  <article-id pub-id-type="other" specific-use="submission-id">5095</article-id>
  <article-version article-version-type="publisher">1.0</article-version>
  <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
      <subject>article</subject>
    </subj-group>
  </article-categories>
  <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Innovative Life Style and Race of Social Perfection Over Social Media</article-title>
  </title-group>
<contrib-group>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="1" corresp="yes">
    <name>
      <surname>Gull</surname>
      <given-names>Umia</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Conceptualization" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/">Conceptualization</role>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – original draft" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/">Writing – original draft</role>
    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
    <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/>
  </contrib>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="2">
    <name>
      <surname>Iqbal</surname>
      <given-names>Ashraf</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
  </contrib>
  <contrib contrib-type="author" seq="3">
    <name>
      <surname>Idrees</surname>
      <given-names>Usman</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" vocab-term="Writing – review &amp; editing" vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
  </contrib>
  <aff id="aff1">
    <label>1</label>
    <institution-wrap>
      <institution>M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad</institution>
    </institution-wrap>
    <addr-line>Punjab</addr-line>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
  </aff>
  <aff id="aff2">
    <label>2</label>
    <institution-wrap>
      <institution>Department of Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad</institution>
    </institution-wrap>
    <named-content content-type="author-role">Assistant Professor</named-content>
    <addr-line>Punjab</addr-line>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
  </aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
  <corresp id="cor1">Corresponding Author: Umia Gull, M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.</corresp>
<fn fn-type="COI-statement" id="fn-coi">
  <p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="ethics-statement" id="fn-ethics">
  <p>This study did not require formal ethics approval.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="data-availability-statement" id="fn-data">
  <p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub" date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
  <day>30</day>
  <month>06</month>
  <year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
  <month>06</month>
  <year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="print">
  <day>18</day>
  <month>04</month>
  <year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
  <volume>8</volume>
  <issue>2</issue>
  <season>Spring</season>
  <fpage>273</fpage>
  <lpage>281</lpage>
  <history>
    <date date-type="accepted">
      <day>18</day>
      <month>04</month>
      <year>2023</year>
    </date>
  </history>
<funding-group>
  <funding-statement>
<p>The authors received no specific funding for this work.</p>
  </funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<permissions>
  <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
  <copyright-holder>Humanity Publications</copyright-holder>
  <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
    <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
  </license>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="text/html" xlink:href="https://gsrjournal.com/article/innovative-life-style-and-race-of-social-perfection-over-social-media"/>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gsrjournal.com/pdf/gsr/kejfUYh81m.pdf"/>
<supplementary-material id="suppl-pdf" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gsrjournal.com/pdf/gsr/kejfUYh81m.pdf">
  <label>PDF</label>
  <caption>
    <title>Full Text PDF</title>
  </caption>
</supplementary-material>
  <abstract>
    <p>Bellwethers of social media platforms introduced modern and innovative third-party boosters who work over tweets, vlogs, and blogs to set trends and shape society in new designs. As technology advances, so do consumer usage and behaviours after the emergence of social media tools. As additional influencers shift their centre of attention to catching followers for making up their character arc mix via social channels such as TikTok, Facebook, and others find key factors which influence attitude and social character. Hang on an assessment of the literature, this research pens down social identity as a congruity in the context of social networking. Moreover, extant research advocates, social specification has numerous aspects, such as cognitive, evaluative, and emotional. Although, it’s not yet clear whether these three aspects have the same impact on these two important behaviours. This study attempts to explore different effects of empirical, emotional, and interpretive aspects on non-fictitious as well as fictitious behaviour.</p>
  </abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
  <kwd>Social Media</kwd>
  <kwd>Social Perfection</kwd>
  <kwd>Innovation</kwd>
  <kwd>Lifestyle</kwd>
</kwd-group>
  <custom-meta-group>
    <custom-meta><meta-name>views</meta-name><meta-value>663</meta-value></custom-meta>
    <custom-meta><meta-name>downloads</meta-name><meta-value>0</meta-value></custom-meta>
    <custom-meta><meta-name>html-views</meta-name><meta-value>0</meta-value></custom-meta>
    <custom-meta><meta-name>google-scholar-citations</meta-name><meta-value>0</meta-value></custom-meta>
    <custom-meta><meta-name>crossref-citations</meta-name><meta-value>0</meta-value></custom-meta>
  </custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec id="sec-1">
  <title>Introduction</title>
<p>Social media</p><p>With the rapid adoption and a growing belief in the vogue of social applications such as social networking and websites, consumer behaviour is also changing rapidly (Lu &amp; Lin, 2011). While in 2012th July, he spends about 6 and 1/2 hours per day on social applications to connect, upload content, and interact with the limbs of his social circles on the web (Popkin, 2012). Changes in behaviour due to social media addiction have expanded melodramatically. Current research of internet consumers and web streamers (170,000) found the average usage of an additional 0.81 hours on web blogging and 1.72 hours each day on web media, accounting for 13%  and 28% of all online activity, respectively,(Bennet, 2015). This anomaly is even more noticeable among “Generation Z,” which resides in the cyber era (Wallace, 2015). The survey of this juvenile peer group, ages eight to eighteen, found facts that teens spend 6.5 and plus hours on cyber media, and teens spend 4.5 and plus hours on average.  (Wallace, 2015). Thus these facts prove cyber media has taken a core part in many people&apos;s daily life, both grown-ups and minors.  (Bennet, 2015, January 27, Robb, 2015, November 2). About 45% of surveys show that minors consume cyber media on a daily basis (Robb, 2015), with few checking above 100s turns per 24 hours. (Hadad, 2015). A survey reports that teenage girls spend one hour and almost half an hour on cyber and digital activities, forty minutes longer than the male gender who spend an average of 52 minutes (Robb, 2015). The same pattern can be seen in Taiwan, one of the major economies of Asia. According to a Market Intelligence &amp; Consulting Institute study, 92% out of the 2,187 interviewees in a survey from a cyber-advisory group had recently consumed social applications. Including the variety of web streaming and cyber application assistance, Facebook is overall dominant over the other web applications, which is followed by Google and in streaming networks, but until now YouTube is one of the most played cyber multimedia channels for video (MIC, 2014). Clients are accustomed to incorporating social networking into their day-to-day lives to feel connected, but the vast majority fail to manage their spending deportment by these innovative means (Yang, 2011).</p><p>The tendency of changing utilizers&apos; behaviour and a new budding of social media to engage consumers on platforms is very well known by market experts, who are using social media as a new gadget to improve client procurement and governance to improve sales anticipation. Additionally, analytics-enabled cyber media application utility suppliers may avail highly developed information to help promoters successfully pick out purchasers and produce service offers for the target audience. Facebook reportedly gets most of its revenue from advertising among all cyber platforms (DiChristopher, 2015).</p><p>Social media has exploded in popularity due to the emergence of social networking features that meet the requirement of consumers to meet the desires for their social identification. According to the current survey, almost 36%, 61% and 21% of minors stated that they most often see their cyber media narratives to see if the stories and contents have been liked, if friends have omitted them, and if friends have said controversial comments about their news feed.  (Hadad, 2015). Previous studies have identified the social dimension of digital media and analytically investigated the character and effectiveness of cyber distinctiveness in directing digital behaviour on web streaming. Digital behaviour is taken as a pattern of acting towards the people in the web circle. For instance, the investigation done by Pearo, Bagozzi, and Dholakia (2004) about cyber intentions gave an account that members of effective communities having a well-built perception of cyber identity tended to wish strongly for taking part in cyber communities. Likewise, another study was done that supported the provision of shreds of evidence that social identification motivations directly influence intentions to participate in cyber populations, Kim, and Lee (2011). This body of research goes with the hypothesis that social recognition drives cyber usage&apos;s way of acting. The prevalence of digital platforms is also facilitating an innovative style of bargaining, or digital trade that enables social interaction and proceedings online through Web stream and cyber innovations.  (Turban and Liang, 2012; Benyoucef  and Huang, 2013). Since digital trading or cyber advertisement is the product of digital or cyber and private enterprise, theories dealing with online interactions and processes can productively identify the mechanisms of cardinal utilizer spending attitude towards the context of social applications (Turban &amp; Liang, 2012). Previous research has explored the fact that cyber recognition theory builds up buying behaviour in a variety of purchasing states.in 2001 Madrigal delve into the face-to-face and subordinate impacts of cyber recognition on purchasing moods in the factors of collective sponsorship. For wider public circumstances, it has been reported that a customer&apos;s identity with a firm contributes to higher levels of desirable behavioural modification outcomes likewise patron loyalty and amenable to take  (Bhattacharya &amp; Sen, 2003; Ahearne et al., 2018; Homburg et al., 2009, Huang et al., 2010). To date, most social identity research has investigated purchasing behaviour in offline physical contexts. Although research on the straight impact of social recognition on cyber users and purchasing attitudes appears to be under a boundary of frame, links between intention and emotional aspects such as cognitive support or commitment in online social commerce have been reported, somewhat supporting our assumption that digital character of ones plays an important part in facilitating online consumer purchasing intention.  (Liang et al., 2011; Gupta et al., 2010). Taken together, such analytical studies go with our theory that cyber identity has a double impact on use and mood of utilization.</p><p>The theory of social identity insinuates the fact that the cyber population sketch their selves broadly- depending on the distinctive and clubby angle (Tajfel, 1982). A particular identity describes one&apos;s special behavioural nature, such as distinctive nature and skills. These social aspect identifications mean insight into being allied to a personage batch (Mael &amp; Ashforth, 1989). It was outlined by Tajfel in 1981 that clubby sameness is &quot;the part of an individual&apos;s self-concept that arises from wisdom of one&apos;s community in a social group and the value and emotional significance attached to that community” (p. 255).</p><p>The self-classification process that individuals use for the recognition of target people may give various options to join numerous memberships of the same kind of group can and social identification. For instance, people join different social groups on the basis of their nationality, professional interests, and type of gender confirmation. (Crocker &amp; Luhtanen, 1992). Minors use fashions, trends and educational groups that groom their personalities enhance their knowledge and avail some career-building opportunities. Mature people mostly join some groups that may be religious or contain some classical content according to their maturity. Previous studies state the facts that the type of peer joining whether allocated or voluntary, influences members&apos; behaviour within the group. The value connotations associated with this membership represent the analytical feature of cyber oneness (Kortekaas, Ouwerkerk, &amp; Ellemers, 1999). Such rating factors constitute the dignity of the group. The emotional segment includes emotional involvement for this kind of recognition. Previous studies have believed that cognitive and appraisal components are more necessary than affective components, suggesting that while affective components often cover appraisal factors in natural populations, these three aspects are incompatible and can lead to different behavioural outcomes (Ellemers et al., 1999, Lam et al., 2010). Regardless of these three-dimensional differences, this uniqueness has not been addressed in most of the existing literature, and social identity has traditionally been measured and treated as a component of one dimension.  (Ellemers et al., 1999). Trump card of such effectuate for cyber identification is that this study supports an all-embracing effect of social identification as a positive linkage with participative attitude generally. Objectives of selecting cyber channels and choosing contents (Lee et al., 2011; Dholakia et al., 2004) as well as the mood of online shopping (Huang et al., 2010; Ahearne et al., 2005, Bhattacharya and Sen, 2003, Homburg et al., 2009). As a consequence, of cognitive, and appraisal aspects of the cyber image of one, this research postulates that every angle leaves a positive impact on both uses and pick-up aspiration.</p><p><break/></p><p>Social perfection</p><p>People who exhibit perfectionism are increasingly worried about failure, doubt their own actions, are unable to evaluate their own performance and experience a lack of satisfaction. Some research suggests that perfectionist traits are manifested by growing up in a family that overemphasizes the need for approval from others.  (Juster et al., 1996). Several studies have found an association between a propensity for perfectionist self-expression and an altitude of social pressure, which avail roots to study the role of excellence in cyber concerns and foreboding adverse comments.  (Jain &amp; Sudhir, 2010; Flett &amp; Hewitt, 2014).</p><p>The study frequently incriminates excellence in the origination of social pressure, anxiety and fear of image distortion (Flett et al., 2007; Dunkley et al., 2006). In spite of the fact that differences are found in defining the concept of excellence or socially perfect (Hewitt &amp; Flett, 1991; Stoeber &amp; Rambow, 2007), it is usually agreed that multiple aspects of excellence perform numerous characters in initiating and taking to the rout anxiety (Harris et al., 2008; Bergman et al., 2007).</p><p>Despite the magnificent body of previous studies on excellence and indication of depression, most of it has not yet learned about the link between excellence and indications of depression. For example, few of the literature is available to know the answers to why and how social excellence and cyber pressure, excellence described by society is directly related to signs of depression. Present research begins for filling this knowledge gap by applying social isolation models.  (Hewitt et al., 2006). An updated imitation hypothesises that perfection is described but the community is associated with the origination of depression because it causes a break in the contacts with their cyber circle. Prior to discussing the social distancing model in depth, some historical knowledge is provided, including an overview of Fretts and Hewitt&apos;s (1991) multifaceted frame for trait excellence and a core summary of the existing studies on trait meticulousness and cheerless originations.</p><p>Various models are there to define excellence in numerous ways by Dunkley et al. in 2006, and Stoeber and Otto in 2007. Social DM is based on the multi-dimensional model of Hewitt and Flett&apos;s (1991) about functional excellence. It makes a clear distinction between one&apos;s deliberately created and socially defined excellence, and this divergence has been considered important by numerous researchers (Sherry et al., 2008; Frost et al., 1990). Hewitt and Flett (1991) argue that excellence can be defined as a three-dimensional disposition attribute.</p><p>Self-centred excellence, expecting excellence in some aspects or logical excellence, demands of excellence from people, recognizing that others demand excellence from particular individuals. There is corroboration that such aspects are associated differently with different outcomes (Flett et al., 2007). The social disconnection model proposed by Hewitt et al. (2006) cites studies showing that socially prescribed perfection is associated with social relationships and social dysfunction (Hewitt and Flett, 1993; Hewitt and Flett, 1991).</p><p>In terms of trait perfectionism, it has been hypothesized that self-directed perfectionism and SPP perform vital and distinct characteristics in the origination of depression. A major observationally contribution to the theorem is that the association between ones-directed excellence and the origination of depression depends on performance aggravation and that people having a peak level of directed excellence are more easily victimized by the origination of depressive signs when exposed to performance stressors (Enns and Cox, 2005; Hewitt and Flett, 1993). Contrarily the factors that predispose individuals with high SPP use to the origination of depression are not easily understandable and require explanation, although SPP has been consistently associated with the origination of depression (Hewitt and Flett, 1993; Hewitt et al., 1996).</p><p>In relation to the social distancing model, socially prescribed perfection causes the origination of depression by experiencing particular disconnection from a social circle (i.e., feeling isolated from others) or purposive distance creation from the public (i.e., actual broken or poor relations or uncomfortable exposure of crowd). Specifically, the social distancing model proposes that cyber isolation ponder the association between socially prescribed perfection and the origination of depression. Therefore, in SDM he assumes three central paths.</p><p>That is, SPP causes the origination of depression. Socially prescribed perfection takes to isolation. This isolation causes symptoms of depression. The relationship between socially prescribed perfection and the origination of depression has been discussed above, we now consider his two remaining signalling pathways.</p><p>Social excellence is associated with various states of relationship failure, as well as isolation, poverty, despair, matrimonial break and antagonism (Flett et al., 1997; Hewitt et al., 2006). Based on these findings, SDM concludes that people under the height of social pressure victimize directly by social isolation because disorder in faith and mutual sensitivity affect their perception of people. For example, individuals with high SPP levels seem to have faith that cannot consistently meet unrealistic expectations of others and report feeling helpless in the face of their deem incapability to gratify their society (Hewitt &amp; Flett, 1991). These apprehensions are tangled too required by the desires for the acceptance and vulnerability to criticism that accompany social excellence. All-inclusive, people with a high rate of SPP tend to be less likely to chronically feel disharmony and connected with others.</p><p>Moreover, the social distancing model hypothesis proposes that social excellence is associated with objective involvements of isolation, likewise unusual social contacts and poor sibling relationships and family bonding. According to information, no studies have been conducted that show a transparent relation between social excellence and purposive isolation (splitting marital bond), but a strong base for the fact social excellence desires are directly related to antisocial attitudes (Habke &amp; Flynn, 2002). Precedent, evidence suggests that individuals with high SPP develop maladaptive relationship designs that put them in peril of actual disconnection from social communities like ostracism (Hewitt et al. 2006).</p><p><break/></p><p>Life Style</p><p>Lifestyle is defined by particular groups in various ways at the workplace and leisure behaviour patterns, belonging to one&apos;s pocket. This builds up the self-conception and image of ones that in which way they look into matters of lifestyle. They have faith in owning their selves. Lifestyle is made up of inspiration, desires and aspirations and is affected by cultural values, family members and friends circle and society.</p><p>In practice, the notion has proven to be durable and useful.</p><p>In fact, it plays an important role in the story that people commonly call it</p><p>norms of society and behaviours.</p><p>The commonly accepted definitions of innovations are new electronic appliances, new mechanisms, new merchandise, and new corporation.</p><p>Innovation is when a new business model or new resources are accepted by the market, are successful, and make economic sense.</p><p>In other words, innovation changes or contributes to changing existing lifestyles.</p><p>Shaping new lifestyles (promoting technology), existing lifestyles require innovation (technology pull).</p><p>Revolutions in living style are set by native contributors or major adopters who set developmental deliverables and set up companies beaming on manufacturing appliances or providing services to make a handsome profit therefrom their innovation.</p><p><break/></p><p>E-lifestyle</p><p>Scholars have defined this particular modern lifestyle as a product of the confluence of the web and communicative gadgets, leading to the procreation of ICT-enabled products and assistance.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-2">
  <title>Methodology</title>
<p>According to Easterby-Smith, Thorpe &amp; Lowe, and Ying, the case study methodology is well suited for this study as it is exploratory in nature. Such research methodologies make it possible to investigate such social phenomena intricately and to focus on central elements that require an extension of research. Therefore, we cannot claim &quot;exhaustiveness&quot;, and certainly neither &quot;reproducibility nor complete generalization. Case studies were conducted using extensive applied literature Surveys and interviews.</p><p><break/></p><p>Case Study</p><p>Various innovative lifestyle possibilities are revealed thanks to predictable innovations. This article covers E-Lifestyle over social media accounts, Smart Urban Lifestyle in the physical society that surrounds one, and knowledge-based lifestyle.</p><p>Today, we live in an increasingly connected world, a global society of communication and exchange that causes deep cultural change and readjustment, a society largely shaped by globalization and the emergence of new technologies. Essentially, the changing global media landscape shapes young people&apos;s socialization processes, values and beliefs, and influences their decision-making in areas such as educational choices, employment and leisure.</p><p>?	More than 4.74 b world wise users of Internet media</p><p>?	Over 75% of the world&apos;s population aged 13+ uses social media.</p><p>?	Over 93% of internet users are social media users.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-3">
  <title>Conclusion</title>
<p>According to Easterby-Smith, Thorpe &amp; Lowe, and Ying, the case study methodology is well suited for this study as it is exploratory in nature. Such research methodologies make it possible to investigate such social phenomena intricately and to focus on central elements that require an extension of research. Therefore, we cannot claim &quot;exhaustiveness&quot;, and certainly neither &quot;reproducibility nor complete generalization. Case studies were conducted using extensive applied literature Surveys and interviews.</p><p><break/></p><p>Case Study</p><p>Various innovative lifestyle possibilities are revealed thanks to predictable innovations. This article covers E-Lifestyle over social media accounts, Smart Urban Lifestyle in the physical society that surrounds one, and knowledge-based lifestyle.</p><p>Today, we live in an increasingly connected world, a global society of communication and exchange that causes deep cultural change and readjustment, a society largely shaped by globalization and the emergence of new technologies. Essentially, the changing global media landscape shapes young people&apos;s socialization processes, values and beliefs, and influences their decision-making in areas such as educational choices, employment and leisure.</p><p>?	More than 4.74 b world wise users of Internet media</p><p>?	Over 75% of the world&apos;s population aged 13+ uses social media.</p><p>?	Over 93% of internet users are social media users.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec-4">
  <title>Recommendations</title>
<p>?	Unrestricted use of social media should be avoided.</p><p>?	Authorities should plan hours for cyber activities.</p><p>?	Strict cyber laws should be implemented for the content that ethically or morally is off.</p><p>?	Social influencers should be registered and their content should be under sensor by social experts.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group content-type="conflict-of-interest">
  <title>Conflict of Interest</title>
  <fn fn-type="conflict">
<p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<fn-group content-type="ethics-statement">
  <title>Ethics Statement</title>
  <fn fn-type="ethics">
<p>This study did not require formal ethics approval.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<fn-group content-type="data-availability">
  <title>Data Availability</title>
  <fn fn-type="data-availability-statement">
<p>Data sharing is not applicable to this article.</p>
  </fn>
</fn-group>
<app-group>
  <app id="app-suppl">
    <title>Supplementary Materials</title>
<supplementary-material id="suppl-pdf" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://gsrjournal.com/pdf/gsr/kejfUYh81m.pdf">
  <label>PDF</label>
  <caption>
    <title>Full Text PDF</title>
  </caption>
</supplementary-material>
  </app>
</app-group>
<ref-list>
  <title>References</title>
<ref id="Alden">
  <label>1</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Alden, L. E., Bieling, P. J., &amp; Wallace, S. T</person-group>
    <year>1994</year>
    <article-title>. Perfectionism in an interpersonal context: A self- regulation analysis of dysphoria and social anxiety</article-title>
    <source>Cognitive Therapy and Research</source>
    <volume>18</volume>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <fpage>297</fpage>
    <lpage>316</lpage>
    Alden, L. E., Bieling, P. J., &amp; Wallace, S. T. (1994). Perfectionism in an interpersonal context: A self- regulation analysis of dysphoria and social anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 18(4), 297-316.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/bf02357507</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02357507">10.1007/bf02357507</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Ashforth">
  <label>2</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Ashforth, B. E., &amp; Mael, F</person-group>
    <year>1989</year>
    <article-title>. Social identity theory and the organization</article-title>
    <source>Academy of management review</source>
    <volume>14</volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <fpage>20</fpage>
    <lpage>39</lpage>
    Ashforth, B. E., &amp; Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of management review, 14(1), 20-39.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2307/258189</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2307/258189">10.2307/258189</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Bennet">
  <label>3</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Bennet, A</person-group>
    <year>2015</year>
    <article-title>. Social Media: Global Perspectives, Applications and Benefits and Dangers</article-title>
    <source>Novinka</source>
    <page-range>erspectives</page-range>
    Bennet, A. (2015). Social Media: Global Perspectives, Applications and Benefits and Dangers. Novinka.
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Bhattacharya">
  <label>4</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Bhattacharya, C. B., &amp; Sen, S</person-group>
    <year>2003</year>
    <article-title>. Consumerâ€“ company identification: A framework for understanding consumersâ€™ relationships with companies</article-title>
    <source>Journal of Marketing</source>
    <volume>67</volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <fpage>76</fpage>
    <lpage>88</lpage>
    Bhattacharya, C. B., &amp; Sen, S. (2003). Consumerâ€“ company identification: A framework for understanding consumersâ€™ relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 76-88.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1509/jmkg.67.2.76.18609</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.2.76.18609">10.1509/jmkg.67.2.76.18609</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Casale">
  <label>5</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Rugai, L., Flett, G. L., &amp; Hewitt, P. L</person-group>
    <year>2016</year>
    <article-title>. The interpersonal expression of perfectionism among grandiose and vulnerable narcissists: Perfectionistic self- presentation, effortless perfection, and the ability to seem perfect</article-title>
    <source>Personality and Individual Differences</source>
    <volume>99</volume>
    <fpage>320</fpage>
    <lpage>324</lpage>
    Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Rugai, L., Flett, G. L., &amp; Hewitt, P. L. (2016). The interpersonal expression of perfectionism among grandiose and vulnerable narcissists: Perfectionistic self- presentation, effortless perfection, and the ability to seem perfect. Personality and Individual Differences, 99, 320-324.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.026</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.026">10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.026</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Chen">
  <label>6</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Chen, L. H., Kee, Y. H., &amp; Tsai, Y.-M</person-group>
    <year>2008</year>
    <article-title>. An Examination of the Dual Model of Perfectionism and Adolescent Athlete Burnout: A Short-Term Longitudinal Research</article-title>
    <source>Social Indicators Research</source>
    <volume>91</volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <fpage>189</fpage>
    Chen, L. H., Kee, Y. H., &amp; Tsai, Y.-M. (2008). An Examination of the Dual Model of Perfectionism and Adolescent Athlete Burnout: A Short-Term Longitudinal Research. Social Indicators Research, 91(2), 189â€“201.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11205-008-9277-9</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9277-9">10.1007/s11205-008-9277-9</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Dunkley">
  <label>7</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Dunkley, D. M., Blankstein, K. R., Masheb, R. M., &amp; Grilo, C. M</person-group>
    <year>2006</year>
    <article-title>. Personal standards and evaluative concerns dimensions of â€œclinicalâ€ perfectionism: A reply to Shafran et al.(2002, 2003) and Hewitt et al.(2003)</article-title>
    <source>Behaviour research and therapy</source>
    <volume>44</volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <fpage>63</fpage>
    <lpage>84</lpage>
    Dunkley, D. M., Blankstein, K. R., Masheb, R. M., &amp; Grilo, C. M. (2006). Personal standards and evaluative concerns dimensions of â€œclinicalâ€ perfectionism: A reply to Shafran et al.(2002, 2003) and Hewitt et al.(2003). Behaviour research and therapy, 44(1), 63-84.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.004</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.004">10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.004</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Ellemers">
  <label>9</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Ellemers, N., Kortekaas, P., &amp; Ouwerkerk, J. W</person-group>
    <year>1999</year>
    <article-title>. Self-categorisation, commitment to the group and group self-esteem as related but distinct aspects of social identity</article-title>
    <source>European journal of social psychology</source>
    <page-range>sychology</page-range>
    Ellemers, N., Kortekaas, P., &amp; Ouwerkerk, J. W. (1999). Self-categorisation, commitment to the group and group self-esteem as related but distinct aspects of social identity. European journal of social psychology, 29(2-3), 371-389.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199903/05)29:2/3</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199903/05)29:2/3">10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(199903/05)29:2/3</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Enns">
  <label>11</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., &amp; Clara, I. P</person-group>
    <year>2005</year>
    <article-title>. Perfectionism and neuroticism: A longitudinal study of specific vulnerability and diathesis-stress models</article-title>
    <source>Cognitive Therapy and Research</source>
    <volume>29</volume>
    <fpage>463</fpage>
    <lpage>478</lpage>
    Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., &amp; Clara, I. P. (2005). Perfectionism and neuroticism: A longitudinal study of specific vulnerability and diathesis-stress models. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 463-478.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10608-005-2843-04</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-005-2843-04">10.1007/s10608-005-2843-04</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Figueiredo">
  <label>12</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Figueiredo, F., Almeida, J. M., GonÃ§alves, M. A., &amp; Benevenuto, F</person-group>
    <year>2014</year>
    <article-title>. On the dynamics of social media popularity: A YouTube case study</article-title>
    <source>ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)</source>
    <volume>14</volume>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <fpage>1</fpage>
    <lpage>23</lpage>
    Figueiredo, F., Almeida, J. M., GonÃ§alves, M. A., &amp; Benevenuto, F. (2014). On the dynamics of social media popularity: A YouTube case study. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT), 14(4), 1-23.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1145/2665065</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2665065">10.1145/2665065</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Flett">
  <label>13</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., &amp; Mosher, S. W</person-group>
    <year>1991</year>
    <article-title>. Perfectionism and self- actualization, and personal adjustment</article-title>
    <source>Journal of Social Behavior and Personality</source>
    <volume>6</volume>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <fpage>147</fpage>
    Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., &amp; Mosher, S. W. (1991). Perfectionism and self- actualization, and personal adjustment. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6(5), 147.
    <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1991-24209-001">https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1991-24209-001</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Gupta">
  <label>14</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <article-title>Gupta, S</article-title>
    <source>K., Phung, D., Adams, B., Tran, T., &amp; Venkatesh, S. (2010, July). Nonnegative shared subspace learning and its application to social media retrieval. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining 1169-1178)</source>
    <page-range>hung</page-range>
    Gupta, S. K., Phung, D., Adams, B., Tran, T., &amp; Venkatesh, S. (2010, July). Nonnegative shared subspace learning and its application to social media retrieval. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining 1169-1178).
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1145/1835804.1835951</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1835804.1835951">10.1145/1835804.1835951</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Habke">
  <label>15</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Habke, A. M., &amp; Flynn, C</person-group>
    <year>2002</year>
    <article-title>. Interpersonal aspects of trait perfectionism</article-title>
    <source>In American Psychological Association eBooks (pp. 151â€“180)</source>
    <page-range>erfectionism</page-range>
    Habke, A. M., &amp; Flynn, C. (2002). Interpersonal aspects of trait perfectionism. In American Psychological Association eBooks (pp. 151â€“180).
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1037/10458-006</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1037/10458-006">10.1037/10458-006</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Hadad">
  <label>16</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Hadad, C</person-group>
    <year>2015</year>
    <article-title>. Why some 13-year-olds check social media 100 times a day</article-title>
    <source>CNN</source>
    Hadad, C. (2015). Why some 13-year-olds check social media 100 times a day. CNN.
    <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/05/health/being-13-teens-social-media-study/index.html">https://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/05/health/being-13-teens-social-media-study/index.html</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Harris">
  <label>17</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Harris, P. W., Pepper, C. M., &amp; Maack, D. J</person-group>
    <year>2008</year>
    <article-title>. The relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of rumination</article-title>
    <source>Personality and Individual Differences</source>
    <volume>44</volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <fpage>150</fpage>
    <lpage>160</lpage>
    Harris, P. W., Pepper, C. M., &amp; Maack, D. J. (2008). The relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of rumination. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(1), 150-160.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.011</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.011">10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.011</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Hartmann">
  <label>18</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Hartmann, P., FernÃ¡ndez, P., Apaolaza, V., Eisend, M., &amp; Dâ€™Souza, C</person-group>
    <year>2020</year>
    <article-title>. Explaining viral CSR message propagation in social media: The role of normative influences</article-title>
    <source>Journal of Business Ethics</source>
    <volume>173</volume>
    <fpage>365</fpage>
    <lpage>385</lpage>
    Hartmann, P., FernÃ¡ndez, P., Apaolaza, V., Eisend, M., &amp; Dâ€™Souza, C. (2020). Explaining viral CSR message propagation in social media: The role of normative influences. Journal of Business Ethics, 173, 365-385.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10551-020-04540-2</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04540-2">10.1007/s10551-020-04540-2</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Haslam">
  <label>19</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Haslam, C., Steffens, N. K., Branscombe, N. R., Haslam, S. A., Cruwys, T., Lam, B. C., &amp; Yang, J</person-group>
    <year>2018</year>
    <article-title>. The importance of social groups for retirement adjustment: evidence, application, and policy implications of the social identity model of identity change</article-title>
    <source>Social issues and policy review</source>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <fpage>93</fpage>
    <lpage>124</lpage>
    Haslam, C., Steffens, N. K., Branscombe, N. R., Haslam, S. A., Cruwys, T., Lam, B. C., &amp; Yang, J. (2018). The importance of social groups for retirement adjustment: evidence, application, and policy implications of the social identity model of identity change. Social issues and policy review, 13(1), 93-124.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/sipr.12049</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12049">10.1111/sipr.12049</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Hayati">
  <label>20</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Hayati, B., Atefi, Y., &amp; Ahearne, M</person-group>
    <year>2018</year>
    <article-title>. Salesforce leadership during strategy implementation: a social network perspective</article-title>
    <source>Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science</source>
    <volume>46</volume>
    <fpage>612</fpage>
    <lpage>631</lpage>
    Hayati, B., Atefi, Y., &amp; Ahearne, M. (2018). Salesforce leadership during strategy implementation: a social network perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 46, 612-631.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11747-017-0557-2</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0557-2">10.1007/s11747-017-0557-2</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Hewitt">
  <label>21</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Hewitt, P. L., Caelian, C. F., Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Collins, L., &amp; Flynn, C. A</person-group>
    <year>2002</year>
    <article-title>. Perfectionism in children: Associations with depression, anxiety, and anger</article-title>
    <source>Personality and Individual Differences</source>
    <volume>32</volume>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <fpage>1049</fpage>
    <lpage>1061</lpage>
    Hewitt, P. L., Caelian, C. F., Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Collins, L., &amp; Flynn, C. A. (2002). Perfectionism in children: Associations with depression, anxiety, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(6), 1049-1061.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00109-x</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00109-x">10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00109-x</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Huang">
  <label>25</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Huang, G. I., Chen, Y. V., &amp; Wong, I. A</person-group>
    <year>2020</year>
    <article-title>. Hotel guestsâ€™ social commerce intention: the role of social support, social capital and social identification</article-title>
    <source>International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management</source>
    <volume>32</volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <fpage>706</fpage>
    <lpage>729</lpage>
    Huang, G. I., Chen, Y. V., &amp; Wong, I. A. (2020). Hotel guestsâ€™ social commerce intention: the role of social support, social capital and social identification. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(2), 706-729.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1108/ijchm-04-2019-0380</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-04-2019-0380">10.1108/ijchm-04-2019-0380</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Jain">
  <label>28</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Jain, M., &amp; Sudhir, P. M</person-group>
    <year>2010</year>
    <article-title>. Dimensions of perfectionism and perfectionistic self- presentation in social phobia</article-title>
    <source>Asian journal of psychiatry</source>
    <volume>3</volume>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <fpage>216</fpage>
    <lpage>221</lpage>
    Jain, M., &amp; Sudhir, P. M. (2010). Dimensions of perfectionism and perfectionistic self- presentation in social phobia. Asian journal of psychiatry, 3(4), 216-221.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ajp.2010.08.006</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2010.08.006">10.1016/j.ajp.2010.08.006</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Juster">
  <label>29</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Juster, H. R., Heimberg, R. G., Frost, R. O., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., &amp; Faccenda, K</person-group>
    <year>1996</year>
    <article-title>. Social phobia and perfectionism</article-title>
    <source>Personality and Individual Differences</source>
    <volume>21</volume>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <fpage>403</fpage>
    Juster, H. R., Heimberg, R. G., Frost, R. O., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., &amp; Faccenda, K. (1996). Social phobia and perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 21(3), 403â€“410.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0191-8869(96)00075-x</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00075-x">10.1016/0191-8869(96)00075-x</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Kim">
  <label>30</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Kim, K. S., Yoo-Lee, E., &amp; Joanna Sin, S. C</person-group>
    <year>2011</year>
    <article-title>. Social media as information source: Undergraduates&apos; use and evaluation behavior</article-title>
    <source>Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology</source>
    <volume>48</volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <fpage>1</fpage>
    <lpage>3</lpage>
    Kim, K. S., Yoo-Lee, E., &amp; Joanna Sin, S. C. (2011). Social media as information source: Undergraduates&apos; use and evaluation behavior. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 48(1), 1-3.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/meet.2011.14504801283</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2011.14504801283">10.1002/meet.2011.14504801283</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Korolov">
  <label>31</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <year>2015</year>
    <article-title>Korolov, R., Peabody, J., Lavoie, A., Das, S., Magdon-Ismail, M., &amp; Wallace, W</article-title>
    <source>(2015, August). Actions are louder than words in social media. In Proceedings of the 2015 ieee/acm International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining,2015 292-297</source>
    <page-range>eabody</page-range>
    Korolov, R., Peabody, J., Lavoie, A., Das, S., Magdon-Ismail, M., &amp; Wallace, W. (2015, August). Actions are louder than words in social media. In Proceedings of the 2015 ieee/acm International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining,2015 292-297.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1145/2808797.2809376</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2808797.2809376">10.1145/2808797.2809376</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Lam">
  <label>32</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Lam, S. K., Ahearne, M., Hu, Y., &amp; Schillewaert, N</person-group>
    <year>2010</year>
    <article-title>. Resistance to brand switching when a radically new brand is introduced: A social identity theory perspective</article-title>
    <source>Journal of Marketing</source>
    <volume>74</volume>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <fpage>128</fpage>
    <lpage>146</lpage>
    Lam, S. K., Ahearne, M., Hu, Y., &amp; Schillewaert, N. (2010). Resistance to brand switching when a radically new brand is introduced: A social identity theory perspective. Journal of Marketing, 74(6), 128-146.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1509/jmkg.74.6.128</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.74.6.128">10.1509/jmkg.74.6.128</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Liang">
  <label>33</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Liang, T. P., &amp; Turban, E</person-group>
    <year>2011</year>
    <article-title>. Introduction to the special issue social commerce: a research framework for social commerce</article-title>
    <source>International Journal of electronic commerce</source>
    <volume>16</volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <fpage>5</fpage>
    <lpage>14</lpage>
    Liang, T. P., &amp; Turban, E. (2011). Introduction to the special issue social commerce: a research framework for social commerce. International Journal of electronic commerce, 16(2), 5-14.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2753/jec1086-4415160201</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2753/jec1086-4415160201">10.2753/jec1086-4415160201</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Lin">
  <label>35</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Lin, K. Y., &amp; Lu, H. P</person-group>
    <year>2011</year>
    <article-title>. Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory</article-title>
    <source>Computers in human behavior</source>
    <volume>27</volume>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <fpage>1152</fpage>
    <lpage>1161</lpage>
    Lin, K. Y., &amp; Lu, H. P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in human behavior, 27(3), 1152-1161.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.009</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.009">10.1016/j.chb.2010.12.009</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Lombardo">
  <label>36</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Lombardo, C., Novara, C., Mallia, L., Pastore, M., &amp; Vacca, M</person-group>
    <year>2022</year>
    <article-title>. The short forms of the Hewitt and Flett&apos;s multidimensional perfectionism scale: which factor structure better fits Italian data?</article-title>
    <source>Journal of Personality Assessment</source>
    <volume>104</volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <fpage>98</fpage>
    <lpage>109</lpage>
    Lombardo, C., Novara, C., Mallia, L., Pastore, M., &amp; Vacca, M. (2022). The short forms of the Hewitt and Flett&apos;s multidimensional perfectionism scale: which factor structure better fits Italian data?. Journal of Personality Assessment, 104(1), 98-109.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/00223891.2021.1905651</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2021.1905651">10.1080/00223891.2021.1905651</ext-link>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://awspntest.apa.org/doi/10.1080/00223891.2021.1905651">https://awspntest.apa.org/doi/10.1080/00223891.2021.1905651</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Luhtanen">
  <label>37</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Luhtanen, R., &amp; Crocker, J</person-group>
    <year>1992</year>
    <article-title>. A collective self- esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one&apos;s social identity</article-title>
    <source>Personality and social psychology bulletin</source>
    <volume>18</volume>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <fpage>302</fpage>
    <lpage>318</lpage>
    Luhtanen, R., &amp; Crocker, J. (1992). A collective self- esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one&apos;s social identity. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 18(3), 302-318.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/0146167292183006</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292183006">10.1177/0146167292183006</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Madrigal">
  <label>38</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Madrigal, R</person-group>
    <year>2001</year>
    <article-title>. Social identity effects in a beliefâ€“ attitudeâ€“intentions hierarchy: Implications for corporate sponsorship</article-title>
    <source>Psychology &amp; Marketing</source>
    <volume>18</volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <fpage>145</fpage>
    <lpage>165</lpage>
    Madrigal, R. (2001). Social identity effects in a beliefâ€“ attitudeâ€“intentions hierarchy: Implications for corporate sponsorship. Psychology &amp; Marketing, 18(2), 145-165.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/1520-6793(200102)18:2</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6793(200102)18:2">10.1002/1520-6793(200102)18:2</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="McNamara">
  <label>39</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">McNamara, T</person-group>
    <year>1997</year>
    <article-title>. Theorizing social identity; what do we mean by social identity? Competing frameworks, competing discourses</article-title>
    <source>TESOL Quarterly</source>
    <volume>31</volume>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <fpage>561</fpage>
    <lpage>567</lpage>
    McNamara, T. (1997). Theorizing social identity; what do we mean by social identity? Competing frameworks, competing discourses. TESOL Quarterly, 31(3), 561-567.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2307/3587838</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3587838">10.2307/3587838</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Murphy">
  <label>40</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Murphy, E</person-group>
    <year>2019</year>
    <article-title>. Perfectly Alone (and Anxious): A Test of the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model in Adolescents</article-title>
    <source>Dr.library.brocku.ca</source>
    <page-range>erfectly</page-range>
    Murphy, E. (2019). Perfectly Alone (and Anxious): A Test of the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model in Adolescents. Dr.library.brocku.ca.
    <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://hdl.handle.net/10464/14122">http://hdl.handle.net/10464/14122</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Perdana">
  <label>41</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Perdana, A., Robb, A., &amp; Rohde, F</person-group>
    <year>2015</year>
    <article-title>. XBRL diffusion in social media: Discourses and community learning</article-title>
    <source>Journal of Information Systems</source>
    <volume>29</volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <fpage>71</fpage>
    <lpage>106</lpage>
    Perdana, A., Robb, A., &amp; Rohde, F. (2015). XBRL diffusion in social media: Discourses and community learning. Journal of Information Systems, 29(2), 71-106.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2308/isys-50996</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2308/isys-50996">10.2308/isys-50996</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Popkin">
  <label>42</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Popkin, H. A</person-group>
    <year>2012</year>
    <article-title>. We spent 230,060 years on social media in one month</article-title>
    <source>NBC News</source>
    <page-range>opkin</page-range>
    Popkin, H. A. (2012). We spent 230,060 years on social media in one month. NBC News.
    <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.cnbc.com/id/100275798">https://www.cnbc.com/id/100275798</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Sherry">
  <label>43</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Sherry, S. B., Law, A., Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., &amp; Besser, A</person-group>
    <year>2008</year>
    <article-title>. Social support as a mediator of the relationship between perfectionism and depression: A preliminary test of the social disconnection model</article-title>
    <source>Personality and Individual Differences</source>
    <volume>45</volume>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <fpage>339</fpage>
    <lpage>344</lpage>
    Sherry, S. B., Law, A., Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., &amp; Besser, A. (2008). Social support as a mediator of the relationship between perfectionism and depression: A preliminary test of the social disconnection model. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(5), 339-344.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.001</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.001">10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.001</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Smith">
  <label>44</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Smith, M. M., Sherry, S. B., McLarnon, M. E., Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Saklofske, D. H., &amp; Etherson, M. E</person-group>
    <year>2018</year>
    <article-title>. Why does socially prescribed perfectionism place people at risk for depression? A five-month, two-wave longitudinal study of the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model</article-title>
    <source>Personality and Individual Differences</source>
    <volume>134</volume>
    <fpage>49</fpage>
    <lpage>54</lpage>
    Smith, M. M., Sherry, S. B., McLarnon, M. E., Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Saklofske, D. H., &amp; Etherson, M. E. (2018). Why does socially prescribed perfectionism place people at risk for depression? A five-month, two-wave longitudinal study of the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model. Personality and Individual Differences, 134, 49-54.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.040</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.040">10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.040</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Stoeber">
  <label>45</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Stoeber, J., &amp; Rambow, A</person-group>
    <year>2007</year>
    <article-title>. Perfectionism in adolescent school students: Relations with motivation, achievement, and well- being</article-title>
    <source>Personality and individual differences</source>
    <volume>42</volume>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <fpage>1379</fpage>
    <lpage>1389</lpage>
    Stoeber, J., &amp; Rambow, A. (2007). Perfectionism in adolescent school students: Relations with motivation, achievement, and well- being. Personality and individual differences, 42(7), 1379-1389.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.015</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.015">10.1016/j.paid.2006.10.015</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Tajfel">
  <label>46</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Tajfel, H</person-group>
    <year>1982</year>
    <article-title>. Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations</article-title>
    <source>Annual Review of Psychology</source>
    <volume>33</volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <fpage>1</fpage>
    Tajfel, H. (1982). Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33(1), 1â€“ 39.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.000245</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.000245">10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.000245</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="TSUBOTA">
  <label>47</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">TSUBOTA, Y., &amp; ISHII, H</person-group>
    <year>2017</year>
    <article-title>. Psychological Stress Model Assumes Self-Oriented Perfectionism as Antecedent Factor and Self- Efficacyâ€™s Moderation Effect</article-title>
    <source>åå¤å±‹å¤§å­¦å¤§å­¦ é™¢æ•™è‚²ç™ºé”ç§‘å­¦ç ”ç©¶ç§‘ç´€è¦. å¿ƒç†ç™ºé”ç§‘ å­¦, (64), 63-75</source>
    <page-range>sychological</page-range>
    TSUBOTA, Y., &amp; ISHII, H. (2017). Psychological Stress Model Assumes Self-Oriented Perfectionism as Antecedent Factor and Self- Efficacyâ€™s Moderation Effect. åå¤å±‹å¤§å­¦å¤§å­¦ é™¢æ•™è‚²ç™ºé”ç§‘å­¦ç ”ç©¶ç§‘ç´€è¦. å¿ƒç†ç™ºé”ç§‘ å­¦, (64), 63-75.
    <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/25775/files/05_nupsych_64_1.pdf">https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/25775/files/05_nupsych_64_1.pdf</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Wieseke">
  <label>48</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Wieseke, J., Kraus, F., Ahearne, M., &amp; Mikolon, S</person-group>
    <year>2012</year>
    <article-title>. Multiple identification foci and their countervailing effects on salespeople&apos;s negative headquarters stereotypes</article-title>
    <source>Journal of Marketing</source>
    <volume>76</volume>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <fpage>1</fpage>
    <lpage>20</lpage>
    Wieseke, J., Kraus, F., Ahearne, M., &amp; Mikolon, S. (2012). Multiple identification foci and their countervailing effects on salespeople&apos;s negative headquarters stereotypes. Journal of Marketing, 76(3), 1-20.
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1509/jm.10.0444</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.10.0444">10.1509/jm.10.0444</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Yang">
  <label>49</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Yang, M., Kiang, M., Ku, Y., Chiu, C., &amp; Li, Y</person-group>
    <year>2011</year>
    <article-title>. Social media analytics for radical opinion mining in hate group web forums</article-title>
    <source>Journal of homeland security and emergency management</source>
    Yang, M., Kiang, M., Ku, Y., Chiu, C., &amp; Li, Y. (2011). Social media analytics for radical opinion mining in hate group web forums. Journal of homeland security and emergency management, 8(1),
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2202/1547-7355.1801</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1801">10.2202/1547-7355.1801</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="Zhang">
  <label>50</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., Tang, Y., &amp; Li, Y</person-group>
    <year>2020</year>
    <article-title>. The role of workplace social capital on the relationship between perceived stress and professional identity among clinical nurses during the COVID -19 outbreak</article-title>
    <source>Japan Journal of Nursing Science</source>
    <page-range>erceived</page-range>
    Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., Tang, Y., &amp; Li, Y. (2020). The role of workplace social capital on the relationship between perceived stress and professional identity among clinical nurses during the COVID -19 outbreak. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 18(1).
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/jjns.12376</pub-id>
    <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12376">10.1111/jjns.12376</ext-link>
  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>