ARTICLE

RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOTRAUMIC PROBLEM NIGHTMARES WITH STUDENTS PHYSICAL MENTAL HEALTH AND THEIR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AT SECONDARY LEVEL DUE TO WAR HAZARDS AND US DRONE STRIKES IN NORTH WAZIRISTAN

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

04 Pages : 26-32

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2016(I-I).04      10.31703/gesr.2016(I-I).04      Published : Dec 2016

Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Waziristan

Abstract

    Nightmares badly influence health and learning. Population of the study comprised of all boys and girls of Secondary Schools in NWA whereas (n=403) respondents, 202(50.12%) boys and 201(49.88%) girls were taken as sample from the entire population. Face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents through stratified random sampling technique. The key objective of the study was to examine relationship of nightmares with students’ health and their academic achievement. Data was delimited to Secondary School students in NWA. Data was statistically analyzed through SPSS by using Pearson Correlation. The respondents perceived nightmares responsible for students’ poor health and low academic achievement. The Mean value of nightmare was 3.2109, SD, 1.43263, and (p, .000 < 0.05) with negative ‘r’= - .355** which shows negative correlation of nightmares with students’ health and their academic achievement. Results and conclusions were drawn. Recommendations were suggested for future researchers and further improvement in the study.

    Nightmares, War Hazards, U.S. Drone Attacks, Students' Academic Achievement, North Waziristan.

    (1) Mati Ullah
    Lecturer, Department of Education & Research, University of Lakki Marwat, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Saqib Khan
    Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, D.I.K, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Noman Ahmad Khan
    Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Gomal University, D.I.K, KP, Pakistan.
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Agargun, M. Y., & Kara, H. (2003). Nightmares and dissociative experiences: The key role of childhood traumatic events. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 57, 139-145.
  • Aronen, E. T., Paavonen, E. J., & Fjällberg, M. (2000). Sleep and psychiatric symptoms in school-age children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39, 502-508.
  • Bastien, C. H., Vallieres, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the insomnia severity index as an outcome measure for insomnia research, 2, 297-307.
  • Blagrove, M., Farmer, L., & Williams, E. (2004). The relationship of nightmare frequency and nightmare distress to well-being. J Sleep Res, 13, 129-36.
  • Blunden, S., Lushington, K., & Lorenzen, B. (2005). Neuropsychological and psychosocial function in children with a history of snoring or behavioral sleep problems. J Pediatric, 146, 780-786.
  • Casement, M. D., & Germain, A. (2014). Is group imagery rehearsal for post trauma nightmares as good at reducing PTSD symptoms as group treatment for PTSD? Psychol Trauma, 6, 259-260.
  • Cukor, J., Spitalnick, J., Difede, J., Rizzo, A., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2009). Emerging treatments for PTSD. Clinical Psychology Review, 29,715-726.
  • Davis, J. L., & Wright D. C. (2005). Case series utilizing exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy: impact on nightmares, sleep quality psychological distress. Behav Sleep Med, 3, 151-7.
  • Edinger, J. D., Bonnet, M. H., & Bootzin, R. R. (2004). Derivation of research diagnostic criteria for insomnia: report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Work Group. Sleep, 27, 1567-96.
  • Germain, A., & Nielsen, T. (2003). Impact of imagery rehearsal treatment on distressing dreams, psychological distress, and sleep parameters in nightmare patients. Behave Sleep Med, 1, 140-54.
  • Germain, A., & Nielsen, T. A. (2003). Sleep pathophysiology in posttraumatic stress disorder and idiopathic nightmare sufferers. Biol Psychiatry, 54, 1092-8.
  • Hansen, K., Höfling, V., Kröner-Borowikm T., Stangier, U., & Steil, R. (2013). Efficacy of psychological interventions aiming to reduce chronic nightmares: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev, 33, 146- 55.
  • Krakow, B., & Zadra, A. (2006). Clinical management of chronic nightmares: imagery rehearsal therapy. Behav Sleep Med, 4, 45-70.
  • Levin, R., & Fireman, G. (2002). Nightmare prevalence, nightmare distress, and self-reported psychological disturbance. Sleep, 25, 205-212.
  • Marshall, A. J., Acheson, D. T., & Risbrough, V. B. (2014). Fear conditioning, safety learning and sleep in humans. J Neurosci, 34, 11754-60.
  • Nadorff, M. R., Nadorff, D. K., & Germain, A. (2015). Nightmares: under-reported, undetected, and therefore untreated. J Clin Sleep Med, 11, 747-50
  • Nadorff, M. R., Nazem, S., & Fiske, A. (2013). Insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicide risk: duration of sleep disturbance matters. Suicide Life Threat Behav, 43, 139-149.
  • Nguyen, T. T., Madrid, S., Marquez, H., Hicks, R. A. (2002). Nightmare frequency, nightmare distress, and anxiety. Percept Mot Skills, 95, 219-25.
  • Nielsen, T. A., Laberge, L., Paquet, J., Tremblay, R. E., Vitaro,, F., & Montplaisir, J. (2000). Development of disturbing dreams during adolescence and their relation to anxiety symptoms. Sleep, 23, 727- 736.
  • Ohayon, M.M., Morselli, P. L., & Guilleminault, C. (1997). Prevalence of nightmares and their relationship to psychopathology and daytime functioning in insomnia subjects. Sleep, 20, 340-8.
  • Schredl, M. (2009). Dreams in patients with sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev, 13, 215-21.
  • Schredl, M. (2009). Nightmare frequency in patients with primary insomnia. Int: J Dream Res, 2, 85-8
  • Schredl, M. (2013). Nightmare Disorder. In Kushida C, Editor. The encyclopedia of sleep. Waltham, MA: Academic Press. 4, 219-224.
  • Sjöström, N., Waern, M., & Hetta, J. (2007). Nightmares and sleep disturbances in relation to suicidality in suicide attempters, Sleep, 30, 91-5.
  • Spoormaker, V. I., & Montgomery, P. (2008). Disturbed sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: Secondary symptom or core feature? Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12, 169-184.
  • Spoormaker, V. I., Schredl, M., & Bout, J. V. D. (2006). Nightmares: from anxiety symptom to sleep disorder. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 10, 19-31.
  • Stores, G. (2007). Clinical diagnosis and misdiagnosis of sleep disorders. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 78, 1293-1297.
  • Thomas, M., Sing, H., & Belenky, G. (2000). Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness effects of 24 hours of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity. J Sleep Res, 9, 335-52.
  • Zadra, A., & Donderi, D. C. (2000). Nightmares and bad dreams: their prevalence and relationship to well-being. J Abnorm Psychol, 109, 273-81.
  • Zschoche, M., & Schlarb, A. A. (2015). Is there an association between insomnia symptoms, aggressive behavior, and suicidality in adolescents? Adolesc Health Med Ther, 6, 29-36.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Ullah, M., Khan, M. S., & Khan, N. A. (2016). Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Waziristan. Global Educational Studies Review, I(I), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2016(I-I).04

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Ullah, Mati, Muhammad Saqib Khan, and Noman Ahmad Khan. 2016. "Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Waziristan." Global Educational Studies Review, I (I): 26-32 doi: 10.31703/gesr.2016(I-I).04

HARVARD

    HARVARD : ULLAH, M., KHAN, M. S. & KHAN, N. A. 2016. Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Waziristan. Global Educational Studies Review, I, 26-32.

MHRA

    MHRA : Ullah, Mati, Muhammad Saqib Khan, and Noman Ahmad Khan. 2016. "Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Waziristan." Global Educational Studies Review, I: 26-32

MLA

    MLA : Ullah, Mati, Muhammad Saqib Khan, and Noman Ahmad Khan. "Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Waziristan." Global Educational Studies Review, I.I (2016): 26-32 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Ullah, Mati, Khan, Muhammad Saqib, and Khan, Noman Ahmad (2016), "Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Waziristan", Global Educational Studies Review, I (I), 26-32

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Ullah, Mati, Muhammad Saqib Khan, and Noman Ahmad Khan. "Relationship of Psycho-Traumic Problem (Nightmares) with Students Physical, Mental Health and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary Level Due to War Hazards and U.S. Drone Strikes in North Waziristan." Global Educational Studies Review I, no. I (2016): 26-32. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2016(I-I).04