Abstract
Without proper building, the teaching-learning process is incomplete. The importance of school building has been acknowledged as a basic building block of humanity from past till now as teachers and students’ stay is mostly in school building during study hours; and there is close relationship between school building and students’ academic achievement. In this study, the researcher has also focused on the school building and its effects on the academic achievement of students. The main objective of the study was to know the impact of School building on Secondary School students in Southern districts of Khyber Pakthunkhwa, Pakistan. The study was descriptive. Dichotomous questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to attain the desired objective the study. The results of the current study show that there is a significant relationship between students' academic achievement and school building.
Key Words
School Building, Secondary Schools, Academic Achievement, Southern KP, Pakistan
Introduction
Properly safe and well-ventilated schools should be built for students and staff to maintain a quality teaching-learning environment [1]. All essential facilities and resources like water, lighting, electricity, temperature, cafeteria, dispensary, playgrounds, swimming pool, and other facilities must be available for students and other employees of the school [2]. Well-ventilated classrooms, sufficient lighting, laboratories, entrance door, library, and other physical facilities or resources should be built and functional in the school so that quality education may be ensured and students may easily avail the available resources in the school for their better schooling and learning [3]. The Music Room, the Art Room, the Gymnasium, the Science Room, the Cafeteria, and the Examination Hall must be built in the school with the provision of all facilities in it so that teachers and students may utilize these facilities for their better educational purposes [4]. The Principal Officer, the School grounds, the baseball field, the playground, the assembly hall, and the computer room are highly mandatory to build in the school that are quite helpful in the better academic and teaching-learning process[5]. There should be an auditorium, the boys' room, the girls' room, the bus stop, and the teacher room in the school; the well-facilitated and properly constructed building has a direct impact on the teaching-learning process [6]. Lighting, temperature, color, noise, etc. influence students' health, sense of self-safety, and psychological state as well [7]. Highly qualified and talented teachers mostly avoid outdated and unattractive school buildings where essential facilities and resources are not available because outdated buildings and lack of resources negatively influence the quality of education, teaching-learning process, and students’ academic grades [8]. The quality of available Facilities and resources in the school building affect the whole educational setup especially teaching-learning process and administrative activities in this modern technological world [9].
School building must be very brightened and decorated with multi-colors, lawns, swimming pool, grounds and other facilities in it so that students’ interest towards learning and teachers interest towards teaching may be increased [10]. Natural light and well-ventilated as well as the clean, airy building has a positive impact on students' learning [11]. Planting in school, and plan grounds maintain the normal temperature in the school [12]. School building must be well-planned, spacious, airy, good ventilated classrooms along with proper lights, fans, black/whiteboards, chairs, and benches so that the quality of teaching-learning process may take place and academic improvement may be ensured [13].The quality of school building either hinders or helps the teaching-learning process because in new, well-designed, and pleasant constructed buildings, students' concentration and attention towards learning increase due to which they attain brilliant academic grades [14]. Students’ learning performance is improved with the newly, facilitated school building [15]. School building requires proper desks, network, labs, performance spaces, practice spaces, and the like; these spaces must be sufficiently spacious, safe, and equipped with the right stuff [16]. School building must be equipped with basic facilities and resources like science labs, cafeteria, ICT laboratories, art room, library, examination hall, electricity, water, toilet, common room, guesthouse, playgrounds and other such facilities to utilize for the development and enhancement of the school along with the quality of teachers and students [17].
A well-facilitated school building improves students’ outcomes [18]. School building with school plants, classrooms, toilets, and fresh drinking water facilities, libraries, offices, laboratories, and other materials as well as infrastructure are quite helpful to bring betterment in the educational system due to which teachers and students are highly motivated towards the teaching-learning process [19]. School building must be equipped with all educational facilities and resources [20]. Without educational resource, school building is quite meaningless and useless where students will not able to show better academic performance or teachers to show better teaching performance [21].
Research Methodology
The Study Design
It was descriptive study. where the researcher preferred
the survy method to collect data.
The Population of the
Study
The population constituted all Secondary school students in
Southern KP as shown in the table below:
Table 1. The
population of the Study
Districts |
Respondents |
|
Students |
Teachers |
|
District
Bannu |
8081 |
1290 |
District
Lakki Marwat |
9246 |
1002 |
District
Kohat |
9121 |
1005 |
District
Karak |
7591 |
1163 |
District
D.I.Khan |
10182 |
1557 |
District
Tank |
2081 |
440 |
Total |
46302 |
6457 |
Grand
Total |
52759 |
Source: KPK District
Educational Management Information System 2015-1
Table 2. Target
Population of the Study
Districts |
Respondents |
|
Students |
Teachers |
|
District Bannu |
8081 |
1290 |
District Lakki
Marwat |
9246 |
1002 |
Total |
17327 |
2292 |
Grand Total |
19619 |
Sample of the Study
The total numbers 12 Public Secondary Schools (06 Boys and
06 Girls Secondary Schools) in District Lakki Marwat and district were taken as
samples of the study.
Sampling Technique
The researcher used simple random sampling technique during
data collection from the respondents.
Sample Size
The size of sample was (n=700, respondents) selected from 12 Public Secondary School (06 Boys and
06 Girls Secondary Schools) through John Curry (1984) Sample Size formula. :
Table 3. Sample Size
of the Study
Districts |
Respondents |
|
Students |
Teachers |
|
District Bannu |
8081 |
1290 |
District Lakki
Marwat |
9246 |
1002 |
Total |
17327 |
2292 |
Grand Total |
19619 |
John
Curry (1984) Sample Size Formula:
Sample
Size Population
100% 10-100
10% 101-1000
5% 1001-
5000
3% 5001- 10000
1% 10000+
Data Collection Tool
Data was collected from the sampled respondents through a
dichotomous questionnaire of options Yes and No carrying values 2 and 1.
Delimitation
The study was delimited to all 10th Class students and
teachers at Secondary School level in Bannu and Lakki.
Data Analysis
Data was entered into SPSS
for statistical analysis using frequency, percentage, and regression to
find out the effects of school building on the academic achievement of students
Frequency and percentage were used regarding clarity of results for even all
those people also who have no expertise in the Research field as frequency and
percentage statistically facilitate and make easier the results for laymen also
to understand it, this concept is highly developed in advanced countries like
United State of America, United Kingdom, Norway, and France, etc. while the
effects of school building the academic achievement of students was
statistically analyzed through regression.
Pilot Testing
This is also called the practicability study. Pilot testing was used to check the validity
of the research instrument via pre-test. In this study, the valid proof of the
collected data instruments was cumulated with the help of a pilot study in the
initial draft of questionnaire was distributed among experts to validate the
research instrument; and the valid questionnaire was administered among the
respondents for reliability, while Chronbach Alpha value was ensured to assess
the internal consistency of the research instrument which was .893. All those
statements i whose items total correlation value was either equal or less than
.25were dropped from the questionnaire while the remaining items retained in
the questionnaire.
Results of the Study
Table 4. Regression
Model Showing Effects of School Building on Academic Achievement of Secondary
School Students
Dependent variable |
|
R |
R2 |
df |
F |
P |
Beta |
Sig |
Academic achievement |
Student respondents |
.2082 |
.043 |
1 498 |
22.539 |
.000a |
.208 |
.000 |
Independent variable School building |
Teacher respondents |
.296a |
.088 |
1198 |
19.082 |
.000a |
.296 |
.000 |
Table 4 indicates
the impact of School building students' academic achievement at Secondary
School level. In column four r2 is .043 and multiple r in column 3 is .2082
that describes a correlation between dependent and independent variables. F
value in column sixth is 22.539 with significant value of .000 Beta score which
is .208 found significance at .000a significance level. It indicates strong
significant relation between School building and students’ academic
achievement. Likewise, table second portion given below shows respondent's
views regarding school buildings and its effects on the academic achievement of
Secondary school students It analyzes the effects of the school building on the
academic achievement of students at Secondary school level. The values of (R2
=.088, and Multiple R = .296a) that revealed the relationship between the
dependent and independent variable. F 19.082 is found sig, at .000 levels. Beta
.296 is also founded sig, at .000a level. So it is clear from table 3 that
there is a strong significant relationship between students’ academic
achievement and school building.
Table 5. Responses of
the Respondents Regarding Effects of School Building on the Academic
Achievement of Secondary School Students
Respondents |
Statistics |
Scale Used |
Total |
|
Yes |
No |
|||
Students |
Frequency |
362 |
138 |
500 |
Percentage |
71 |
29 |
100 |
|
Teachers |
Frequency |
141 |
59 |
200 |
Percentage |
69 |
31 |
100 |
Table 5 shows the responses of the respondents regarding
School building and its effects on the academic achievement of students. In the
light the respondents’ responses in Table 4, it is revealed that out of (n=
700, 100%) respondents including all male and female respondents; the total
numbers of (n = 362 i.e. 71% students) show Yes responses regarding the effects
of school building on the academic achievement of Secondary school students
whereas (n = 138 i.e. 29% teachers) show No responses. Likewise, (n = 141 i.e.
59% teachers) show Yes responses while (n = 69 i.e. 31% teachers) show No
responses regarding the effects of School building on the academic achievement
of Secondary school students in Southern KP, Pakistan.
Discussion
The results of the current study reveal that there are high effects of school building on the academic achievement of Secondary school students in Southern KP. It was further clarified from the results of the present study that school building has high effects on the academic achievement of students at Secondary school level in which both students and teachers were of the views that students’ academic achievements are highly affected and influenced due to school building both positively and negatively; the students of well-built and up to date schools from schools point of views show better academic achievement as compared to the students studying in poorly constructed and low facilities buildings. According to the previous study by (Lackney & Jeffery. A. 2001) find out the building of the school was of such kind that enclosed overall requirements of students and teachers like a laboratory, library, washrooms, hostels, boundary walls, prayer facilities and so on. (Olutola, 1982) found that well-located school building with the visual condition, playgrounds. Library, well-equipped science laboratory, and other facilities required to students in institutions greatly improve student’s academic achievement.
Conclusion
It was concluded by keeping in view the objectives and results of the study that there is close association and inter-dependence between school building and students’ academic achievement. The schools having better and satisfactory building, equipped with all facilities for students in the building show better academic achievement rather than old and outdated build institutions that hurt students' learning performance and their academic score as well. The results concluded that school buildings should be given higher and priority in that so that students might avail of their opportunities in the well-built building for their better academic achievement.
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Cite this article
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APA : Ali, N., Khan, A. B., & Ahmad, T. (2020). Effects of School Building on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Southern KP, Pakistan. Global Educational Studies Review, V(II), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2020(V-II).04
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CHICAGO : Ali, Nasir, Abdul Basit Khan, and Tanveer Ahmad. 2020. "Effects of School Building on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Southern KP, Pakistan." Global Educational Studies Review, V (II): 28-34 doi: 10.31703/gesr.2020(V-II).04
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HARVARD : ALI, N., KHAN, A. B. & AHMAD, T. 2020. Effects of School Building on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Southern KP, Pakistan. Global Educational Studies Review, V, 28-34.
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MHRA : Ali, Nasir, Abdul Basit Khan, and Tanveer Ahmad. 2020. "Effects of School Building on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Southern KP, Pakistan." Global Educational Studies Review, V: 28-34
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MLA : Ali, Nasir, Abdul Basit Khan, and Tanveer Ahmad. "Effects of School Building on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Southern KP, Pakistan." Global Educational Studies Review, V.II (2020): 28-34 Print.
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OXFORD : Ali, Nasir, Khan, Abdul Basit, and Ahmad, Tanveer (2020), "Effects of School Building on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Southern KP, Pakistan", Global Educational Studies Review, V (II), 28-34
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TURABIAN : Ali, Nasir, Abdul Basit Khan, and Tanveer Ahmad. "Effects of School Building on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Southern KP, Pakistan." Global Educational Studies Review V, no. II (2020): 28-34. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2020(V-II).04