RELATIONSHIP OF POPULATION CONFIGURATION WITH ENROLLMENT OF CHILDREN AT PRIMARY LEVEL OF DISTRICT BANNU

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2020(V-II).05      10.31703/gesr.2020(V-II).05      Published : Jun 2020
Authored by : MalikAmerAtta , QayyumNawaz , HafizAzmatUllah

05 Pages : 35-44

    Abstract

    The Problem under study was the relationship of population composition with enrollment of children at primary level. The study was significant because we can make forecasting of educational plans keeping in view the relationship. All the Primary School of the District Bannu was included in the population for the study. The sample was 05 Urban Male School, 05 Urban Female School, 05 Rural Male School, and 05 Rural Female School. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Through this questionnaire data was collected regarding schools from 2013 to 2019 in different classes. The null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the population composition and enrollment was tested. The result shows that the correlation between the enrollment and the population growth is 0.98. It is high correlation which indicates the strong relationship between the number of enrollments of student and population

    Key Words

    Relationship, Population Configuration, Enrollment, Children, Primary Level

    Introduction

    Socrates defines education as, “Education is the mean that helps in searching the truth. Truth is hidden in the minds of human being and they should be aware of that. Rousseau: Education is the development of human nature in free environment.  John Dewey: “education is a process of living through a continuous reconstruction of experiences”. It means that education is the development of the whole personality of an individual. In Pakistan there are four levels of education. Primary education, Secondary education, College and University education. Primary education is the first stage of compulsory education. It is preceded by preschool or nursery education and is followed by secondary education. 


    Increasing Population and Standard of Life. (it’s Positive & Negative Aspects)

    Iqbal (2017) Pakistan is a developing country & its whole population is approximately (16,000,0000) sixteen crores. Now the population of Pakistan is increasing very rapidly. If we imagine about increasing population, we feel hesitation, but it has some positive aspects too. Which is the following: -

    The foremost positive aspect of increasing population is that it brings power and strength. About it we have a wise saying that “majority is authority”. Now in our country those people who are in majority they have well and stable back. But those who are in minority they consider inferior. So, we can say that strength and power can be brought through majority that why increasing population is considered beneficent (Ahmad Maqbool, 2006). 

    Second is also positive aspect of increasing population that the people who are dominant in majority are well acquainted. Everyone knows them well because of their cost and spreading influence. But those who are less not so well known. That’s why we many say that increasing population leads us to a good name and fame (Katozi Ali Murad, 2005). 

    Third, increasing population has a very important aspect because our religion permits us to increase population so that to increase religious color in the world. Now if we go through according to the teachings of Islam we must abolish family planning because it is a negation of our religion and try to increase our population (Iqbal, 2017). Next, the more we increase the more we will progress. If we our population increases, we will have health facility because more of the people will enter in a health department. Many of the people will cultivate agriculture and bring food prosperity etc. (Tanvir, 2004).

    According to educational survey of Abadiat (Ministry of Education, 1999) population has negative aspects which are the following: -

    First of all, we have our health problem. It is a negative aspect of increasing population. Because in our country there is a lack of physicians and hospitals, if our population increases day by day then we will face difficulty in providing health case to our patients. So, we should adopt a well family planning according to our resources. 

    Secondly, it is another negative aspect of increasing population which is economical problem. Our country Pakistan is not so stable economically to provide financial to each and every individual whether in ease of jobs or education etc. that’s why our population should be balance to our economy. Otherwise we will face difficulty. 

    Another negative impact of increasing population has on our education. It can affect our education because the inhabitants of our country are economically weak. They can’t afford more expenditure because their income is small than their outcome. That’s why if they increase their population, they will be unable to provide a proper education to their children. That’s why I suggest that everyone should go parallel with their expenditure. 

    Next, increasing population leads us to a lack of confidence. They destroy our determination and leads our children to confusion because in an increasing population. Children have no their childhood. They can’t find a thing for which they demand. So it should be a balanced one because it is the cry and demand of the day. 


    Bad Effects of Population Increase on the Education

    In Pakistan population growth is, Problem Number one of Pakistan. Higher growth rates of population have very serious effects on various phases of a country.  The major reason of higher education rate of developed countries is its decrease in eighteen years old population (Ministry of education 1992). One of the effects of higher population growth rates is on the quality of education. That as a country’s overall development and living standard depends upon education, the higher quality of education leads the nation towards the development and prosperity. But the higher population rates effect the quality of education and the people have to substitute the quality or quantity. Because it becomes more difficult to advice the quality education due to limited resources. Suppose a father who has two children can education them easily and if a father has six children then he will have to face various problems due to which he could not educate well and they become a burden on him. So, we can compare counties population with its available resources. If country population is growing rapidly, obviously it will affect the quality of education (Baker, 2009) 


    Problem Statement

    The problem under study was “to investigate the relationship of population composition with enrollment of children at primary level.”

    Research Objectives

    i) To know the relationship between male and female students’ enrollment in primary school.

    ii) To know the difference of enrollment between rural and urban primary schools.

    iii) To find out the relationship b/w population composition and enrollment at primary level.


    Significance of the Study

    This study was significant due to the following reasons.

    i) This study tells as about the male and female student’s enrollment in the primary schools of the district Bannu due to which we can easily plane for the education of these children. Also, the strength of enrollment helps in the decision-making process for the education for the administration.

    ii) This study also tells us about the rich and poor students’ enrollment in the primary schools of the district Bannu, which is very helpful information, because on the behalf of this information we can advertise the education in those areas of the district and in those strati of the district where there is less motivation of male and female students towards the education. Mostly the poor peoples can’t effort the education for their children, so this study not only highlights such problems but also helps in the education of for flung areas of the district.  

    iii) This study tells us about the education level of rural and urban areas, also about the male and female children. Mostly the people in this district don’t send their female children in school, so this study in a type of effort to motivate such parents towards education.

     

    Research Hypotheses

    H01: there is no significance difference of enrollment between male and female students in primary schools.

    H02: there is no significance difference of enrollment between rural and urban primary schools.

    H03: there is no relationship between population compositions with enrollment. 


    Limitation

    There was no such instrument for the collection of record from the primary schools so the researcher developed questionnaires were used for the collection of data. Also the schools can’t maintain the commutative record of each and every student, so only available record was used for the purpose.


    Delimitation

    Following was delimitation of the study.

    Study was delimited to ten male and ten female public schools in district Bannu.

    Research Methodology

    Research Population

    All the Primary School of the District Bannu was included in the population for the study.    


    Research Sample

    Following sample was used for the research purpose in District Bannu. 

    1. Urban Male School = 05 

    2. Urban Female School = 05

    3. Rural Male School = 05

    4. Rural Female School = 05

    Total = 20


    Research Instrument 

    The research instrument was a questionnaire. Through this questionnaire data was collected regarding schools from 2013 to 2019 in different classes. 

    Research Procedure 

    Keeping in view the experts views the questionnaire was developed. The researcher personally visited the schools and distributed the questionnaire. The data thus collected in questionnaire was arranged in the form of tables. Then for the purpose of data analysis Co-efficient of correlation was used as a statistical tool. 


    Statistical Analysis 

    Co-efficient of correlation was used as statistical technique.      

    Presentation and Analysis of Data

    Table 1. School GGPS Ghazimarjan (Rural)       

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    6

    9

    11

    12

    15

    17

    18

    2nd class

    5

    8

    10

    13

    16

    18

    20

    3rd class

    7

    10

    12

    14

    17

    19

    21

    4th class

    6

    8

    10

    13

    15

    17

    19

    5th class

    4

    7

    9

    12

    14

    16

    18

    Total

    28

    42

    52

    64

    77

    87

    96

     

    Table 2. School GGPS Awalzoman (Rural)

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    9

    11

    14

    16

    13

    15

    17

    2nd class

    8

    9

    12

    14

    15

    16

    18

    3rd class

    10

    12

    15

    13

    14

    17

    19

    4th class

    12

    14

    16

    19

    15

    13

    18

    5th class

    11

    13

    15

    18

    20

    19

    21

    Total

    50

    59

    72

    80

    77

    80

    93

     

    Table 3. School GGPS Mir Salam Khan (Rural)

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    8

    10

    13

    15

    18

    21

    24

    2nd class

    10

    12

    15

    17

    20

    23

    25

    3rd class

    9

    11

    14

    16

    18

    20

    22

    4th class

    7

    10

    15

    17

    19

    22

    24

    5th class

    6

    9

    12

    14

    17

    20

    23

    Total

    40

    52

    69

    79

    92

    106

    118

     

    Table 4. School GGPS Bandar Kala (Rural)

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    5

    7

    10

    12

    14

    17

    19

    2nd class

    4

    6

    9

    11

    13

    15

    18

    3rd class

    6

    8

    10

    13

    15

    17

    20

    4th class

    5

    7

    9

    11

    13

    15

    19

    5th class

    4

    6

    8

    12

    15

    17

    20

    Total

    24

    34

    46

    59

    70

    81

    96

     

     

    Table 5. School GGPS Jandukhel (Rural)

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    6

    8

    10

    13

    15

    17

    19

    2nd class

    5

    7

    9

    11

    13

    15

    17

    3rd class

    5

    8

    11

    13

    15

    18

    20

    4th class

    4

    7

    9

    12

    14

    16

    18

    5th class

    5

    8

    10

    13

    15

    17

    19

    Total

    25

    38

    49

    62

    72

    83

    93

     

    Table 6. School GPS Gul Bazar (Rural)

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    13

    19

    27

    33

    47

    49

    58

    2nd class

    15

    20

    26

    31

    38

    45

    60

    3rd class

    13

    18

    25

    30

    37

    40

    45

    4th class

    16

    21

    27

    32

    42

    50

    55

    5th class

    20

    28

    35

    43

    47

    51

    56

    Total

    77

    106

    140

    169

    205

    235

    274

     

    Table 7. School GPS Ayaz Khan (Rural)        

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    15

    20

    24

    31

    37

    43

    50

    2nd class

    17

    21

    26

    30

    38

    44

    52

    3rd class

    20

    25

    29

    36

    41

    37

    43

    4th class

    18

    21

    25

    32

    37

    42

    49

    5th class

    14

    18

    23

    26

    30

    36

    42

    Total

    84

    105

    127

    155

    183

    202

    236

     

    Table 8. School GPS Alamdin (Rural)         

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    11

    20

    27

    33

    40

    48

    55

    2nd class

    7

    13

    20

    27

    35

    40

    47

    3rd class

    10

    16

    22

    30

    37

    44

    52

    4th class

    12

    20

    26

    21

    19

    23

    31

    5th class

    15

    18

    16

    13

    11

    9

    7

    Total

    55

    87

    111

    124

    142

    164

    192

     

    Table 9. School GPS Laotykala (Rural)      

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    16

    20

    24

    27

    30

    28

    33

    2nd class

    19

    22

    25

    28

    32

    35

    38

    3rd class

    21

    24

    27

    30

    33

    30

    35

    4th class

    23

    26

    30

    34

    37

    40

    43

    5th class

    25

    28

    32

    35

    40

    38

    41

    Total

    104

    120

    138

    154

    172

    171

    190

     

    Table 10. School GPS Azim Kala (Rural)        

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    19

    24

    29

    34

    39

    44

    49

    2nd class

    16

    19

    23

    28

    33

    36

    42

    3rd class

    14

    20

    24

    27

    31

    35

    40

    4th class

    17

    21

    25

    29

    27

    32

    36

    5th class

    18

    22

    26

    24

    28

    31

    35

    Total

    84

    106

    127

    142

    158

    178

    202

     

    Table 11. School GGPS NO 1 City (Urban)       

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    13

    16

    18

    21

    24

    27

    30

    2nd class

    11

    14

    16

    17

    15

    20

    22

    3rd class

    13

    15

    17

    21

    24

    27

    31

    4th class

    15

    17

    19

    23

    26

    29

    32

    5th class

    14

    16

    20

    22

    25

    30

    34

    Total

    66

    78

    90

    104

    114

    133

    149

     

    Table 12. School GGPS NO 2 City (Urban)       

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    12

    14

    17

    19

    21

    23

    26

    2nd class

    11

    13

    16

    18

    20

    22

    25

    3rd class

    10

    12

    15

    17

    19

    21

    24

    4th class

    9

    11

    14

    16

    18

    22

    25

    5th class

    8

    11

    13

    17

    19

    23

    24

    Total

    50

    61

    75

    87

    97

    111

    124

     

    Table 13. School GGPS NO 3 City (Urban)      

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    13

    15

    17

    20

    23

    25

    27

    2nd class

    12

    14

    16

    19

    22

    24

    26

    3rd class

    10

    13

    15

    17

    20

    22

    25

    4th class

    9

    12

    14

    16

    19

    21

    24

    5th class

    8

    11

    13

    15

    17

    19

    23

    Total

    52

    65

    75

    85

    101

    111

    125

     

    Table 14. School GGPS NO 4 City (Urban)         

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    14

    16

    19

    22

    25

    28

    32

    2nd class

    12

    14

    17

    20

    23

    25

    27

    3rd class

    11

    13

    15

    18

    20

    23

    26

    4th class

    9

    12

    14

    17

    19

    22

    25

    5th class

    8

    10

    13

    16

    18

    20

    24

    Total

    54

    65

    78

    93

    105

    118

    134

     

    Table 15. School GGPS Mandon (Urban)        

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    15

    17

    20

    22

    25

    27

    30

    2nd class

    14

    16

    17

    20

    22

    25

    27

    3rd class

    11

    14

    16

    18

    20

    22

    25

    4th class

    9

    12

    15

    17

    19

    21

    24

    5th class

    7

    10

    12

    15

    17

    20

    23

    Total

    56

    69

    80

    92

    103

    115

    129

     

    Table 16. School GPS NO 1 City (Urban)        

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    20

    26

    32

    37

    42

    50

    60

    2nd class

    22

    28

    34

    40

    45

    51

    62

    3rd class

    19

    25

    30

    36

    41

    48

    55

    4th class

    24

    29

    34

    43

    50

    56

    63

    5th class

    106

    133

    162

    192

    219

    254

    296

     

    Table 17. School GPS NO 2 City (Urban)        

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    19

    24

    29

    34

    40

    45

    52

    2nd class

    18

    23

    28

    33

    39

    44

    50

    3rd class

    16

    20

    25

    30

    35

    41

    49

    4th class

    15

    19

    26

    31

    37

    43

    51

    5th class

    13

    18

    24

    29

    34

    40

    45

    Total

    81

    104

    132

    157

    185

    213

    247

     

    Table 18. School GPS NO 3 Cityn(Urban)        

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    20

    24

    27

    31

    36

    40

    46

    2nd class

    19

    22

    26

    30

    35

    39

    43

    3rd class

    17

    20

    25

    29

    34

    38

    41

    4th class

    15

    18

    23

    26

    29

    `34

    40

    5th class

    13

    17

    21

    25

    30

    33

    38

    Total

    84

    101

    122

    141

    164

    184

    208

     

    Table 19. School GPS Tehsil Street City (Urban)    

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    18

    22

    25

    29

    33

    36

    41

    2nd class

    16

    20

    24

    30

    34

    37

    40

    3rd class

    15

    19

    23

    29

    38

    45

    50

    4th class

    19

    25

    31

    38

    43

    48

    51

    5th class

    21

    26

    30

    36

    42

    46

    50

    Total

    86

    112

    133

    162

    190

    212

    232

     

    Table 20. School GPS Sorani (Urban)        

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    20

    21

    26

    32

    38

    44

    51

    2nd class

    19

    23

    28

    33

    39

    45

    52

    3rd class

    18

    22

    29

    35

    40

    43

    49

    4th class

    17

    21

    28

    36

    43

    48

    50

    5th class

    15

    20

    26

    31

    36

    40

    45

    Total

    89

    107

    137

    167

    196

    220

    247

     

    Table 21. Population in Pakistan

    Year

    2013

    2014

    2015

    2016

    2017

    2018

    2019

    Population

    14,1500000

    14,2700000

    148000000

    152000000

    154000000

    158000000

    159800000

     

    Table 22. Showing the total enrollment of the student form class 1st to class 5th in the year 2013 to 2019

     

    Strength in 2013

    Strength in 2014

    Strength in 2015

    Strength in 2016

    Strength in 2017

    Strength in 2018

    Strength in 2019

    1st class

    272

    343

    419

    483

    569

    644

    737

    2nd class

    260

    324

    397

    470

    547

    619

    711

    3rd class

    255

    325

    399

    472

    514

    607

    692

    4th class

    261

    331

    411

    483

    541

    614

    699

    5th class

    250

    321

    388

    452

    516

    574

    644

    Total

    1298

    1644

    2014

    2360

    2687

    3058

    3483

     

    Table 23. Showing the correlation between the number of students and population growth from 2013 to 2019

    Year

    No of student

    Population

    2013

    1298

    141500000

    2014

    1644

    142700000

    2015

    2014

    148000000

    2016

    2360

    152000000

    2017

    2687

    154000000

    2018

    3058

    158000000

    2019

    3483

    159800000

     

    Variable

    n

    Total

    Sum of Square of Total

    Correlation

    No of students

    7

    14744

    43830758

    0.98

    Population

    7

    1056000000000

    1596958000000000000000000000

     

    Correlation between the Enrollment and the Population

    Result: It is high correlation. It shows the strong relationship between the number of enrollments of student and population growth.

    Research Findings

    Following were the research findings

    First class enrollment during the years from 2013 to 2019 was, 

    272, 343, 419, 483, 569, 644, and 737 respectively.

    Second class enrollment during the years from 2013 to 2019 was, 

    260, 324, 397, 470, 547, 619 and 711 respectively.

    Third class enrollment during the years from 2013 to 2019 was, 

    255, 325, 399, 472, 514, 607 and 692 respectively.

    Fourth class enrollment during the years from 2013 to 2019 was, 

    261, 331, 411, 483, 541, 614 and 699 respectively.

    Fifth class enrollment during the years from 2013 to 2019 was, 

    250, 321, 388, 452, 516, 574 and 644 respectively.

    The total enrollment of the year 2013 was 1298 while the population of the year was 141500000.

    The total enrollment of the year 2014 was 1644 while the population of the year was 142700000.

    The total enrollment of the year 2015 was 2014 while the population of the year was 148000000.

    The total enrollment of the year 2016 was 2687 while the population of the year was 154000000.

    The total enrollment of the year 2017 was 2687 while the population of the year was 154000000.

    The total enrollment of the year 2018 was 3058 while the population of the year was 158000000.

    The total enrollment of the year 2019 was 3483 while the population of the year was 159800000.

    Research Conclusions

    From the above findings it can be concluded that:

    The enrollment rate increases with the population growth.

    The correlation between the enrollment and the population growth is 0.98.

    It is high correlation it shows the strong relationship between the number of enrollments of student and population

    Recommendations

    In the light of the findings of the study following recommendations are made.

    New schools should be established with the increase in population.

    Facilities should be increased with the passage of time.

    Infrastructure should be increased with the increasing population.

    New rooms should be built in the existing schools.

    Schools should be upgraded with the increasing population. 

References

  • Ahmad Maqbool (2006) Illmi concise dictionary of education, Illmi Kitab Khana, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Baker D, Collins J, Leon J. (2009) Prospects: Quarterly Review of Comparative Education. 4. Vol. 38. Paris: UNESCO; Risk factor or social vaccine? The historical progression of the role of education in HIV/AIDS infection in sub-Saharan Africa; pp. 467-486.
  • Iqbal. M (2017) Education in Pakistan. Second Edition (Enlarged and revised in 1977), Aziz Publishers, Urdu Bazar Lahore, Pakistan, pp 258.
  • Katozi Ali Murad (2005) Introduction to education, a comprehensive study of education for perspective headmaster and headmistress, Muhammad Sohabib Gul and Shamshad Gul, Peshawar, pp 2-3
  • Ministry of Education (1999) Professional Training
  • Teacher Guide Taleem-e-Abadiat (1999) Ministry of Education with the Collaboration of UNO Fund for UNFPA and UNESCO. Curriculum Bureau, Islamabad.
  • Zaman, T., U. (2004) Study Guide on Higher Education, code 828, Faculty of Education, Teacher Education Department, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, pp 40.

Cite this article

    APA : Atta, M. A., Nawaz, Q., & Ullah, H. A. (2020). Relationship of Population Configuration with Enrollment of Children at Primary Level of District Bannu. Global Educational Studies Review, V(II), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2020(V-II).05
    CHICAGO : Atta, Malik Amer, Qayyum Nawaz, and Hafiz Azmat Ullah. 2020. "Relationship of Population Configuration with Enrollment of Children at Primary Level of District Bannu." Global Educational Studies Review, V (II): 35-44 doi: 10.31703/gesr.2020(V-II).05
    HARVARD : ATTA, M. A., NAWAZ, Q. & ULLAH, H. A. 2020. Relationship of Population Configuration with Enrollment of Children at Primary Level of District Bannu. Global Educational Studies Review, V, 35-44.
    MHRA : Atta, Malik Amer, Qayyum Nawaz, and Hafiz Azmat Ullah. 2020. "Relationship of Population Configuration with Enrollment of Children at Primary Level of District Bannu." Global Educational Studies Review, V: 35-44
    MLA : Atta, Malik Amer, Qayyum Nawaz, and Hafiz Azmat Ullah. "Relationship of Population Configuration with Enrollment of Children at Primary Level of District Bannu." Global Educational Studies Review, V.II (2020): 35-44 Print.
    OXFORD : Atta, Malik Amer, Nawaz, Qayyum, and Ullah, Hafiz Azmat (2020), "Relationship of Population Configuration with Enrollment of Children at Primary Level of District Bannu", Global Educational Studies Review, V (II), 35-44
    TURABIAN : Atta, Malik Amer, Qayyum Nawaz, and Hafiz Azmat Ullah. "Relationship of Population Configuration with Enrollment of Children at Primary Level of District Bannu." Global Educational Studies Review V, no. II (2020): 35-44. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2020(V-II).05